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依赖与配置

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring:
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
      password: ${REDIS_PASSWORD:}
      timeout: 2000ms
      lettuce:
        pool:
          max-active: 200
          max-idle: 50
          min-idle: 10

RedisTemplate vs StringRedisTemplate

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(
            RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        // JSON 序列化
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jsonSerializer =
            new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
        om.activateDefaultTyping(LazyValidatorFactory.getDefaultPolymorphicTypeValidator(),
            ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
        jsonSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);

        // Key 用 String 序列化
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        // Value 用 JSON
        template.setValueSerializer(jsonSerializer);
        template.setHashValueSerializer(jsonSerializer);

        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }
}

@Service
public class RedisService {

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;  // Key 和 Value 都是 String

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;  // Value 是 JSON

    // String
    public void set(String key, String value) {
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
    }
    public String get(String key) {
        return stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    }

    // Hash
    public void hset(String key, String field, Object value) {
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, field, value);
    }
    public Object hget(String key, String field) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, field);
    }
}

操作各数据类型

@Service
public class DataTypeService {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    // String
    public void stringOps() {
        ValueOperations<String, Object> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        ops.set("key", "value");
        ops.set("counter", 1);
        ops.increment("counter");      // 2
        ops.set("cache", "data", 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  // 过期
    }

    // List
    public void listOps() {
        ListOperations<String, Object> ops = redisTemplate.opsForList();
        ops.leftPush("queue", "task1");
        ops.rightPushAll("queue", "task2", "task3");
        Object task = ops.rightPop("queue");
        List<Object> all = ops.range("queue", 0, -1);
    }

    // Set
    public void setOps() {
        SetOperations<String, Object> ops = redisTemplate.opsForSet();
        ops.add("tags:1", "redis", "java");
        ops.add("tags:2", "redis", "python");
        Set<Object> intersect = ops.intersect("tags:1", "tags:2");
    }

    // ZSet
    public void zSetOps() {
        ZSetOperations<String, Object> ops = redisTemplate.opsForZSet();
        ops.add("ranking", "Alice", 100);
        ops.add("ranking", "Bob", 85);
        Set<Object> top = ops.reverseRange("ranking", 0, 9);
        Double score = ops.score("ranking", "Alice");
    }

    // Hash
    public void hashOps() {
        HashOperations<String, String, Object> ops = redisTemplate.opsForHash();
        ops.put("user:100", "name", "Alice");
        ops.put("user:100", "age", 25);
        String name = (String) ops.get("user:100", "name");
        Map<String, Object> all = ops.entries("user:100");
    }
}

过期与删除

// 设置过期
redisTemplate.expire("key", 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// 获取 TTL
Long ttl = redisTemplate.getExpire("key");

// 删除
redisTemplate.delete("key");
redisTemplate.delete(List.of("key1", "key2"));

// 判断存在
Boolean exists = redisTemplate.hasKey("key");

小结

• StringRedisTemplate：Key/Value 都是 String（JSON 字符串自行解析）。
• RedisTemplate<String, Object>：Value 序列化为 JSON（需配置 Jackson）。
• opsForValue/List/Set/ZSet/Hash 分别操作不同数据类型。
• 序列化配置：Key 用 StringRedisSerializer，Value 用 Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer。
• Spring Boot + RedisTemplate 是 Java 项目集成 Redis 的标准方式。

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